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A.
Academic Advisor 学术顾问: 学术顾问是在学术上能指导帮助NAU学生完成学习任务与学位的人。学术顾问可以协助学生选择课程，获得转学分与替代课程，以及同意先修课程与其它跟学术有关的任务。
例句: “I just found out my friend’s Macroeconomics class transferred from our school, but mine didn’t. I have to make an appointment with my academic advisor.”
Academic Catalog 学术目录表: 美国大学每学年都会公布新的学术目录表(通常是8月－5月)。一个学生每年上专业课程被成为“学年” 。学术目录表会将学校在一学年内的课程内容与学校政策列出来，作为学生在NAU学习所需要了解与遵循的基本信息。
例句: “If you need more information on the Distribution Requirements required for your English major, check the academic catalog.”
Academic Reinstatement 学术身份恢复: 即一个学生在被短暂停止学生身份后又回到NAU继续学业。如果一个学生被暂时停止学生身份但希望返回NAU继续完成学业，这个学生必须以书面的形式，在希望返回学校的6周之前，向学校要求恢复学生身份，回校复课。一个学生被停止学生身份后不能自动恢复学生身份，必须申请后并得到学术继续委员会的批准同意。
例句: “I went to a community college for the semester after I was aca-demically suspended from NAU and I got good grades. Now I am petition-ing the Academic Continuation Committee for reinstatement to continue towards my NAU degree”
Academic Standing 学术表现: 美国大学衡量学生成绩表现的评判标准。NAU需要学生在校学习期间至少保持2的GPA。学生的学术表现显示在每个学期结束的成绩单上。
例句: “I noticed on my transcript that my Academic Standing is listed as “Probation.” I need to meet with my academic advisor to see how I can improve my academic standing.”
Accreditation 认证: 当一个登记注册的学术机构或项目寻求对其学位课程内容，与教学设施进行评估以得到高标准的承认时，需要进行认证。这是一个自愿的过程。得到认证的学校具有很高荣誉。不是每所大学的学位项目都得到认证。
例句: “My Business advisor would not let me transfer online courses from the University of Phoenix because their programs are not accred-ited like NAU’s business programs are.”
Admission Requirements 录取要求: 在进入一个项目学习，或者学习一门课程是，对学术有一定要求，即录取条件。
例句: “I need to complete ACC 256 this summer, or I will not meet the admission requirements of the Business Professional Program.”
Alumni 毕业校友: 一般指从大学毕业的校友。
例句: “Many NAU alumni return to Flagstaff to watch the Homecom-ing weekend Football Game.”
Annotated Bibliography 论文后的资料目录: 一种文献注释的方式。在论文后面标注引用文章、资料的出处。
例句: “For my final paper in my English class, we have to submit an annotated bibliography before we turn in the paper.”
Audit 旁听: 在美国大学里，学生可以旁听某一门课，却不用完成作业，最后也不算学分。一般学生可以按照个人兴趣来选课，同时也需要付学费。
例句: “Spanish isn’t required for my major, but I’ve always wanted to learn. I think I will audit the class so if I get to busy, I don’t have to worry about my GPA.”
B.
BB Learn （Blackboard Learn NAU） 网络课程系统: 在NAU上学的学生，有些课程的作业和授课内容将通过此网络系统来管理。
例句: “Did you check BB Learn? I think we have a quiz due by tomorrow at midnight.”
Bachelor’s Degree 本科学位: 学生完成4年的大学课程，或者所要求学分后将被授予本科学位。
例句: “My instructor said she earned her Bachelor’s Degree at UCLA, but she went to graduate school in London.”
Bulletin Board 新闻布告栏: 在大学人流集中的地方所设置的长方形的布告栏，用于学生交换物品买卖、租房等信息。
例句: “I heard you were looking for a roommate. Did you check the bulle-tin board in the Union? There are a lot of postings there.”
Bursar’s Office 大学财务部: 学生将在财务部缴纳学费。
例句: “It looks like I may have been charged twice for the same fee. I have to go to the Bursar to check what happened.”
C.
Certificate 证书: 在完成(一般是短期)的学习项目后所授予的证书。
例句: “I can’t decide if I want to add the Investment Certificate, since I am already a double major.”
Cite 引用: 当在你的文章中使用别人的话，句子或思想时，给原作者以承认，说明文章的作者与来源。
例句: “My instructor made it very clear that if we do not cite our sources in our research paper, we will be guilty of plagiarism.”
Coed: 其意思是对男女都开放。
例句: “I heard that the club is co-ed, so you and your boyfriend can both join!”
Commencement 毕业典礼:大学在这一天给毕业的学生颁发文凭，证书和学位证。
例句: “My parents are making the trip to NAU so they can watch me walk at commencement.”
Community College 社区学院: 是两年制的为学生提供100至200学术程度课程的学院。有些课程的学分可转到四年制的正规大学。
例句: “I have to complete ACC 256 this summer, but it is not offered at NAU. I think I might have to take it at a community college.”
Conditional Admission 有条件录取: 指学生已经达到了可以参加某个项目的学术条件，但是英语水平并未达到在美国大学学习的程度。对于被条件性录取的学生，将先到英语强化训练课程（Program in Intensive English，即PIE）学习语言，直到成功的通过考试后进入专业的学习。
例句: “I was granted conditional admission to the Program in Intensive English and Electrical Engineering. I need to study ESL in PIE and successful-ly exit before I can start my engineering program.”
Convocation 结业仪式: 在学生成功完成某一个学习项目后，会参加结业仪式。
例句: “Each semester the Center for International Education holds a con-vocation ceremony to recognize international students who have complet-ed their study at NAU.”
Core Classes 基础课程: 每个专业都有一系列的基础课程，要求每个修此专业的学生必须完成。通常，学生必须保证每门基础课程的分数在”C”以上。
例句: “I only have one more class to take and I complete my Business core!”
Counseling 心理辅导: 对于个人感情或私人生活出现问题时的专业心理咨询。
例句: “I have been feeling very homesick and sad, unlike my normal self. After I went and spoke with a counselor at the counseling center I feel much better.”
Course or “Class”, 课程: 美国大学的一门课程大概由3到4个学分组成。
例句: “I only have one more class to take and I complete liberal studies requirements!”
Course Fees 课程费用: 某一门课程在学位之外加收的费用，一般包括实验费、特殊材料费等。
例句: “It can be expensive majoring in science or art, because all of the labs and studio courses have added course fees!”
Credit Hour 学时: 在大学里面一个”学时”为每星期一小时。一般一门课的学时是3小时，等值3学分。
例句: “Most fulltime students are enrolled in a minimum of 12 credit hours.”
Culture Shock 文化冲击: 在新的文化环境下感受到的焦虑、疑惑和不知所措的感觉。一般在搬到国外居住后，前几个星期会经历这样的文化冲击。
例句: “My first week at NAU was hard. I hated the food, my roommate is noisy and rude, and I had a hard time talking with people. But my friend told me it was just culture shock, and it is normal. I think things will get better as I adjust more to the US.”
Cumulative 综合/平均/总: 一般指大学课程的综合总成绩。
例句: “I didn’t do very well this term, but my cumulative GPA is still over a 3.5, so I am not too worried.”
Curriculum 课程大纲: 某门课或某门专业的课程大纲，包括授课内容。
例句: “Unfortunately we can’t accept your transfer course for credit, as the concepts studied are not found in our curriculum.”
D.
Dean 院长: (大学里)学校或学院的管理人。
例句: “The Dean of the College of Hotel Restaurant Management is hosting a reception for new students to meet instructors and faculty.”
Dean’s List 院长名单: 在美国大学里，能上每学期院长名单的学生需要取得一定的好成绩。
例句: “I think I can earn a 3.8 GPA semester—that is high enough to make the Dean’s List!”
Degree 学位: 在完成大学里所有的课程后，学生将被授予学位。
例句: “My parents are so happy I will finally finish my Mechanical Engi-neering degree this semester”
Department 系: 大学里面的某一学科。
例句: “The Theatre department is part of the College of Arts and Letters.
Direct Deposit 直接存款: 在北亚利桑那大学，你可以将银行账户设为”直接存款”账户。这样，一切与大学有关的费用(包括学费退款、工资等)都可以很方便的直接存人此银行账户中。
例句: “Direct deposit is so convenient because I do not have to go to the bank to cash a check.”
Directory 通讯目录: 北亚内部的通讯目录：https://directory.nau.edu/DirectorySearch 可以从这上面找到NAU学生、教师员工的联系方式。
例句: “I couldn’t find my professor’s office number, so I had to look it up in the directory.”
Division (Lower) courses 初级课程: 编号为 100-200 的课程。
Division (Upper) courses 高级课程:编号为300-400 的课程，对学术的要求比较高。
例句: “I’m only taking lower division courses now. I have to be admitted into the Business Professional program before I can take upper division courses.”
Doctorate 博士学位: 比硕士学位（Master’s Degree）更高的学位。
例句: “My instructor is not a professor yet…she is still completing her doctorate.”
Double Major: 双专业
例句: “My advisor told me if I wanted to double major in Finance and Econ, I would only have to complete an extra semester or so.”
Drop: 退出某门课程。
例句: “I enrolled in 18 units, but I only plan on taking 15, so I am going to drop 1 3 unit class during the first week”
Dual Degree 双学位: 一些参加双学位的国际学生，可在毕业时同时获得NAU的学士学位和国内大学的学士学位。参加这些项目的学生必须是NAU中国合作院校的学生。
例句: “NAU dual degree partnerships allow students from partner insti-tutions in China and Europe to earn a Bachelor’s degree from their home institution and from NAU.
E.
Elective 选修课：这不是一个学位项目不需要完成但算学分的课程。这门课可以从一组特别课程中选修。选修课也许能计算为学生学位要求的课程。
例句: “My academic advisor told me I could pick any 300 level English class to fulfill my elective requirements.”
Equivalency 对等课程：当学生将学分从另一个大学转到NAU后，这门课可用来算NAU所需要的学位课程。
例句: “Luckily, the Microeconomics class from my university was count-ed as an equivalency. Now I don’t have to take Micro at NAU.”
Exchange Program 交流项目：学生到NAU学习一到两个学期或有限的短期时间，而且不拿学位。
例句: “Most of our exchange program participants are NAU students going abroad and international students from Europe and Australia who come to NAU.”
Exempt 豁免: 在特殊条件下下，某些学生对于一些课程要求可以不用完成。
例句: “Even though I am an international student, because I had a TOEFL score, I was exempt from taking the English Placement Test and immedi-ately enrolled in academic courses”
Expulsion or “Expel” 开除: 由于在学术或纪律上的违规，学生有可能会被开除。
例句: “I have heard of students getting expelled for things like cheating, or threatening behavior.”
Extracurricular Activities 课外活动：正规课程学习之外的业余活动，如参加体育，跳舞等你喜欢的课余活动
例句: “Some of my Extracurricular Activities include cooking and playing video games.”
F.
Faculty 教员: 指大学的教学人员，包括教授，全职的讲师。
例句: “My instructor is part of the NAU faculty, while my academic advi-sor is part of the NAU staff.”
Fellowship 研究基金: 用来给研究生补贴研究费用的资助奖励。 例句: “I am working hard to improve my GPA so I can be eligible for graduate school fellowships.
FERPA: 美国1974年通过的联邦法规，致力于保护学生成绩的隐私。
例句: “The Registrar’s Office will not allow CIE to pick up my transcript for me because I never signed the FERPA Release form.”
Financial Aid: 美国政府为学生提供的助学金或助学贷款，只适用于美国公民。
Fraternity (“Frat”): 大学生（男生）联谊会，活跃于社会活动、志愿者活动等。申请人需要交一定的年费，并在入会的时候进行起誓。
例句: “After a week of tasks and competitions, my roommate was accept-ed into a Frat and is moving to Mountain View.”
Freshman: 大一学生（完成的学分为29以下的）
例句: “Since I have never attended college before, I am considered a freshman.”
例句: “As a condition of immigration status, all international students must be enrolled as full-time students.”
Grade: 成绩
例句: “Final course grades are usually posted 2 weeks after final exams.”
Grade Point Average (GPA): Measure of academic achievement used in US universities. The GPA scale goes from 0-4.0 with 4.0 being the highest GPA
例句: “It is important to always have a GPA above a 2.0 in order to avoid probation.”
Grade Replacement 学分成绩补替：如果一个学生一门课得了”D” 或”F” ，这个学生需要从修这门课得到更好的成绩以提升其平均成绩。在使用这个选择是有额外的要求。 例句: “I failed my Spanish class and can’t move on until I get a passing grade. I will have to retake Spanish next semester for grade replacement.”
Grading Rubric 评分规定：老师关于考试成绩将如何评估打分的详细说明。 例句: “Even if I don’t do well on the presentation, the grading rubric said the paper is worth more points anyway.”
Grant 资助：由个人或一个机构给与一个学术单位与学者用来创造项目与从事研究的经费。 例句: “This semester I am working on a special project with my profes-sor…she received a grant to study soil in the Grand Canyon.”
Greek life / Greek system: 大学生联谊会组织，一般以希腊字母命名，因此叫做“Greek System”。
I.
Independent Study: 独立学习研究：学生与教授一对一的从事与学位项目有关的深入研究。学生必须与教授联系来设定独立研究。
例句: “I am almost ready to graduate, but I need more research experi-ence. I am going to ask my PSY professor if I can complete an independent study.”
Interdisciplinary Studies: 交叉学科学习：选择其它学科或专业的课程，以获得不同的视野。
例句: “I am studying Journalism, but I am thinking about the Journalism/Political Science interdisciplinary major to make myself more marketable.”
International Student Adviser: 国际学生顾问：在大学国际办公室负责国际学生校园生活的顾问，如帮助学生保持移民身份，批准旅行文件以及协助解决经济与法律方面的问题。
例句: “I plan on going back to China for winter break, but I need to get a travel signature from my international student advisor.”
Internship: 在校学习或者刚刚毕业的学生所参加的实习。
例句: “My degree in Hotel Restaurant Management requires I com-plete an 800 hour internship in the Hospitality Industry before gradua-tion.”
J.
Jacks (Lumberjacks): NAU吉祥物的简称，用来形容NAU学生或者运动员，有时校内的一些组织也会用这个名字来命名。
JacksCard: NAU学生的ID卡。学生可以通过ID卡出入宿舍、教室、洗衣服、在学校用餐等。
Job Shadow: 职业见习日。 例句: “I can’t decide if I want to focus on managing investments or accounting management. I will try to set up a job shadow so I can learn more about both positions.”
Junior: 大学三年级学生（已完成60到89个学分的学生）
K.
KJACK: NAU学生电台
KNAU: 亚利桑那州公共电台，提供美国国内及国外新闻。
L.
Lecture: 课堂讲座（这是大部分课程的授课方式）。
例句: “This semester I am enrolled in 4 Lecture courses and 1 Lab.”
Letter of recommendation: 由学生的教授、导师等为学生写的推荐信，对学生的能力进行评价和肯定。一般研究生院校在入学时要求学生递交推荐信。
例句: “I am going to start visiting my professor during office hours. I want to make sure he knows more about me, because I am going to ask him to write me a letter of recommendation.”
Liberal Studies: 通识学科学习：选自不同学科的课程，用来帮助学生得到广泛机会了解本专业之外的知识。
例句: “Even though I am an Accounting major, I am really looking for-ward to taking an Art class for liberal studies.”
LOUIE account: LOUIE 账号：NAU学生网上管理系统，学生可以通过这个系统了解管理自己的财务情况，选课情况以及个人信息等。
例句: “It seems like every time I have a question, my advisor asks me if I have checked my Louie account!”
Lumberjacks: 伐木者：这是对NAU学生的集体名称。
M.
Major: 在大学所修的专业。
Mandatory fees -必需付费：大学对学费之外要求学生所付的费用，包括学生的活动费，医疗保险费，科技费与交通费等。
Master’s degree: 研究生（硕士）学位。一般包括论文和实习的要求。
例句: “I will graduate from NAU next Fall, and then after working for 1 year, I plan to go back to school and get my Master’s degree.”
Mentor 导师：有经验的大学的学生，以及能对学生的学习与职业目标提供指导与帮助的相关领域有经验与专长的教职员。
例句: “I know I want to study Geology, but I don’t know if I want to be a scientist, a researcher or a professor. I think I am going to see if I can find a career mentor.”
Mid-Terms: 期中考试。
例句: “I thought I was doing really well until Mid-terms! Now I see I have to study much harder!”
Minor: 在大学辅修的专业。
N.
Non-Credit: 不获得学分的课程。在NAU，以”X”开头的课程都是不获得学分的课程，例如 MAT108x
O.
Orientation: 每学期开学时的新生入学辅导。
例句: “It is very important all new international students attend interna-tional orientation so they can learn about what is expected at NAU and how to navigate US living.”
Override: 当某门课程的名额已经满了时，学生可以通过申请override这门课程来获得修辞门课程的批准。
例句: “I have to take one more senior capstone to graduate, but they are all full! Hopefully one of the professors will grant me an override!”
P.
Pass-fail: 有些课程的评分系统只有Pass或者Fail两种。这样的课程一般不是专业要求的课程。
Peer: 与你年龄相仿、社会地位相似、能力相近的人。例如同学就是你的”peer”，而老师就不是。
例句: “I like going to Supplemental Instruction (SI) because it is another student, a peer, who can teach things in a different way than the profes-sor!”
Peer Evaluation: 同僚评鉴。一般在课堂上，教授会在学生完成某项作业后，进行同僚互评。 例句: “John did not help on this project at all. Just wait until we fill out peer evaluations and the professor knows he didn’t contribute to the group.”
Periodicals 期刊：一年至少出两期的出版物，包括学术刊物，杂志与报纸。 例句: “Our English professor said we had to use 1 book, 1 electronic source and 1 periodical for our research paper.”
Petition 申请：提出一个特别要求。 例句: “It is too late to enroll in that class—you will have to complete a “Petition to Add after the deadline” form.
Plagiarism 抄袭：意指使用他人的话或思想而不承认原作者的贡献将其当做你自己的东西。对发现进行抄袭的学生，美国大学有不同的政策与处理方式。抄袭通常发生在学生写研究文章和其它写作作业时。
PO Box (Post Office Box) 邮箱：有学生在大学校园的地址信息。学生通过邮箱接收邮件。
Prerequisite (also called “prereq”) 先修课程：学生在选修下门课程前必须完成的入门与基本概念方面的课程。 例句: “My academic advisor said I can’t enroll in MAT 119 because I have not taken MAT 114 yet, and that is the prerequisite.”
Probation 学术观察：如果一个学生的平均成绩不能达到学校最低要求的2.0, 这个学生将被置于学术观察阶段。这意味着这个学生不能选修超过13个学分的课程，直到GPA达到2.0以上才能修更多学分。如果学生不能保持2.0的最低成绩，该学生将被要求从学校退学。 例句: “I need to retake the 2 classes I failed last semester so I can raise my GPA and get off of probation.”
Professor: （大学）教授。
Provost 教务长：大学负责所有学术事务的高级学术官员。
Q.
Quota 比例配额：学生能参加某些项目的有限名额。
例句: “Only 20 students can attend the activity. Once they reach the quo-ta, no one else can apply.”
R.
Recycle: 为了环保而采取的回收行动。
例句: “Recycling plastic, bottles and paper is good for the environment because it means less waste in landfills.”
Registrar (Registrar’s Office): 学生注册办公室，负责学生个人和学业的记录、成绩单等文件。
例句: “I just received all the signatures needed for the override, so now I have to drop it off at the Registrar’s Office to be processed.”
Repeat: 如果学生在某门课上得了”D”或者”F”的成绩，就可以进行重修以再次获得更高的分数。
例句: “I need to have at least a “C” in ECO 201 to move on to the Business Professional Program, but I got a “D,” so I am going to have to repeat it.”
Resident Assistant (RA): 由NAU在校学生经过培训后担任的宿舍管理员，帮助住校的学生解决生活问题、室友矛盾等。 例句: “My roommate keeps inviting her boyfriend to spend the night, and I don’t know what to do. I think I will talk to my RA.”
Resident Hall Director (RHD): 宿舍主管，负责管理所有的RA（宿舍管理员）。
例句: “I think my roommate is stealing money and clothes from me, and I want to move to a different room. I think I will talk to my RHD.
Room and board 学校食宿：这是大学除学费，书杂费之外的住宿与食品费用。大学一般会将这笔费用列在所估计的全部费用之中。
S.
Sabbatical Leave 学术休假：大学教授利用一段时期不用上课来进行学术研究。 例句: “I have to ask my favorite professor for a letter of recommenda-tion, because she is going to be on sabbatical when I graduate.”
Scholarship: 奖学金：根据学生的优异学术表现来给予学生的学术资助奖励。奖学金一般直接用于学生的教育费用。 例句: “I have a really good GPA these last 2 semesters, I think I will ap-ply for a department scholarship to help with tuition costs!”
Senior: 高年级，一般指已完成NAU90个学分以上的学生。
Semester: 讨论会，一个讨论小组经常在一起讨论所指定题目的小组会议。 例句: “My Spring semester schedule is so much better than my Fall semes-ter schedule—no Friday classes!”
Seminar: 研讨会
SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) 国际学生与交换学者信息系统：美国政府用来管理所有持有F－1或J－1签证的非移民信息数据与申请程序的系统。 例句: “As soon as I exit the PIE I have to notify my immigration advisor so they can update my status is SEVIS.”
Social Security Number (SSN): 社会安全号码：由美国政府颁发给个人的9位数字的打工报税的身份识别号码。在美国工作，需要向雇主提供此号码来报税。国际学生如果要在校园打工，需要申请社会安全号码。 例句: “Now that I am going to work on-campus, I need to apply for a so-cial security number.”
Sophomore：大二年级学生，指那些已经完成NAU30至59个学分的大二学生。
Sorority: 姊妹会，或称大学生（女生）联谊会，活跃于社会活动、志愿者活动等。申请人需要交一定的年费，并在入会的时候进行起誓。 例句: “After a week of tasks and competitions, my roommate was ac-cepted into a Sorority and is moving to Mountain View.”
Stipend: 用于完成某一项任务所颁发的津贴。 例句: “As an SI leader, rather than be paying for each hour I work, I just get a stipend over the semester.”
Student Fees: 除学费以外，学生还需缴纳的学生费用，用于学生活动等。 例句: “Student fees do add to the cost of tuition, but they also help pro-vide for scholarships, student events and law council for students.”
Suspension (Academic): 如果学生的GPA（成绩）为2.0以下，将被留校察看。被留校察看的学生将面临着无法选课、搬出宿舍等问题。
例句: “I wasn’t able to raise my cumulative GPA above 2.0 while on probation, so now I am academically suspended.”
Sustainability: 可持续性发展，问了保护环境所展开的行动。
例句: “NAU shows a commitment to sustainability by its recycling, discounts when refilling reusable containers, the yellow bike program and more.”
Syllabus: 课程大纲，包括作业、考试、交作业日期等信息。
例句: “One of the best ways to know what to expect in a class is to read the syllabus in detail.”
T.
Teaching Assistant (TA): 教学助理，一般由研究生担任，帮助授课教授处理一些教学事务。
例句: “I’m having trouble in my Sociology course, so the professor told me to make an appointment with the TA to review important concepts for the test.”
Thesis 学位论文：根据自己研究，由研究生所进行的硕士或博士学位论文。
Transcript 成绩单：一份证明学生完成高中和大学课程并由学生成绩分数的正式记录。成绩也许是正式的或非正式的。它们都有相同的信息。一份成绩单要作为正式的，它必须装在没有开封的信封里，一旦信封被打开，这个成绩单就是非正式的。
Transfer credit 转学分：学生在其它学校完成的学分转到NAU后可以作为完成NAU学位的学分。
Tutorials 程序指南：用来帮助学生理解应如何做的指南与行动。
例句: “When I started NAU, I was confused about BB Learn, but I fol-lowed the tutorial, and now I understand.
U.
University Union (or “The Union”): 校园的学生活动中心。学生可以在这里就餐，聚会，举行活动，得到学习辅导与帮助的等。
V.
Visa — 签证
W.
Work Study: 勤工俭学，只对美国公民学生开放。
Withdrawal 取消课程：在规定的8天取消一门课的截止日期后，取消课程而不受惩罚。
Workshop: 专题讨论会：在正规课程以外学生们聚在一起学习讨论某个专题的会议。 例句: If you get nervous when you take your tests, you could attend a test-taking workshop.
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发表于 2025-4-9 14:38:05